LYMPHEDEMA REFERENCES
These articles are the backbone of how we stay oriented to our work and we are consistently adding to our reading. We do our best to keep this page updated. If you know of research we should be reading that’s not listed here, please send us the DOI so we can look it up!
Lastly, we generally try to keep the articles we rely on less than 10 years old (we prefer 7 or less) unless it is seminal research or unless it was based on statistical data available during a defined time period and there has not been an update to the study. The articles are also checked against the Retraction Watch database to ensure they are in good standing.
References
Barnhart, H. (2023). It Is Time to Curb the Dogma in Lymphedema Management. Lymphatics, 1(3), 257–261. https://doi.org/10.3390/lymphatics1030016
Bjork, R., & Ehmann, S. (2019). S.T.R.I.D.E. Professional Guide to Compression Garment Selection for the Lower Extremity. Journal of Wound Care, 28(Sup6a), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.Sup6a.S1
Bowman, C., & Rockson, S. G. (2024). The lymphedema patient experience within the healthcare system: A cross-sectional epidemiologic assessment. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 12600. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63145-1
Brayton, K. M., Hirsch, A. T., O′Brien, P. J., Cheville, A., Karaca-Mandic, P., & Rockson, S. G. (2014). Lymphedema Prevalence and Treatment Benefits in Cancer: Impact of a Therapeutic Intervention on Health Outcomes and Costs. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e114597. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114597
Bjork, R., & Hettrick, H. (2018). Endothelial glycocalyx layer and interdependence of lymphatic and integumentary systems. Wounds International, 9(2), 50–55.
Challener, D., Marcelin, J., Visscher, S., & Baddour, L. (2017). Hospital costs for patients with lower extremity cellulitis: A retrospective population-based study. Hospital Practice, 45(5), 196–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548331.2017.1384690
Chuback, John. A., Melin, M. M., Massey, H. T., & Gloviczki, M. L. (2024). Congestive lower extremity failure: An educational model for improved understanding of phlebolymphedema. Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 12(2), 101737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2023.101737
Dean, L. T., Moss, S. L., Ransome, Y., Frasso-Jaramillo, L., Zhang, Y., Visvanathan, K., Nicholas, L. H., & Schmitz, K. H. (2019). “It still affects our economic situation”: Long-term economic burden of breast cancer and lymphedema. Supportive Care in Cancer, 27(5), 1697–1708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4418-4
Dean, S. M., Valenti, E., Hock, K., Leffler, J., Compston, A., & Abraham, W. T. (2020). The clinical characteristics of lower extremity lymphedema in 440 patients. Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 8(5), 851–859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.11.014
Ehmann, S., Walker, K. J., Bailey, C. M., & DesJardins, J. D. (2020). Experimental Simulation Study to Assess Pressure Distribution of Different Compression Applications Applied Over an Innovative Primary Wound Dressing. Wounds, 32(12), 353–363.
Executive Committee of the International Society of Lymphology. (2020). The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology, 53(1), 3–19.
Ferguson, H. (n.d.). Prevalence of Lymphedema.
Finkelstein, E. R., Ha, M., Hanwright, P., Ngaage, L. M., Yoon, J. S., Liang, F., Nam, A. J., & Rasko, Y. M. (2022). A review of American insurance coverage and criteria for conservative management of lymphedema. Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 10(4), 929–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.03.008
Greene, A. K. (2015). Epidemiology and Morbidity of Lymphedema. In A. K. Greene, S. A. Slavin, & H. Brorson (Eds.), Lymphedema (pp. 33–44). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14493-1_4
Hettrick, H., & Aviles, F. (2022). All edema is lymphedema: Progressing lymphedema and wound management to an integrated model of care. Wound Management & Prevention, 68(1), 8–15.
Hettrick, H., & Bjork, R. (n.d.). A new paradigm for diagnosis and treatment of edemas. Pathways, Winter 2019/2020, 10–12.
Hettrick, H., Ehmann, S., McKeown, B., Bender, D., & Blebea, J. (2023). Selecting appropriate compression for lymphedema patients: American Vein and Lymphatic Society position statement. Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease, 38(2), 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555221149619
Kankariya, N., Laing, R. M., & Wilson, C. A. (2021). Textile-based compression therapy in managing chronic oedema: Complex interactions. Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease, 36(2), 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268355520947291
Karaca-Mandic, P., Solid, C. A., Armer, J. M., Skoracki, R., Campione, E., & Rockson, S. G. (2023). Lymphedema self-care: Economic cost savings and opportunities to improve adherence. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 21(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-023-00455-7
Lopez, M., Roberson, M. L., Strassle, P. D., & Ogunleye, A. (2020). Epidemiology of Lymphedema-related admissions in the United States: 2012–2017. Surgical Oncology, 35, 249–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2020.09.005
Lurie, F., Malgor, R. D., Carman, T., Dean, S. M., Iafrati, M. D., Khilnani, N. M., Labropoulos, N., Maldonado, T. S., Mortimer, P., O’Donnell, T. F., Raffetto, J. D., Rockson, S. G., & Gasparis, A. P. (2022). The American Venous Forum, American Vein and Lymphatic Society and the Society for Vascular Medicine expert opinion consensus on lymphedema diagnosis and treatment. Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease, 37(4), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555211053532
Manrique, O. J., Bustos, S. S., Ciudad, P., Adabi, K., Chen, W. F., Forte, A. J., Cheville, A. L., Jakub, J. W., McLaughlin, S. A., & Chen, H.-C. (2022). Overview of Lymphedema for Physicians and Other Clinicians: A Review of Fundamental Concepts. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 97(10), 1920–1935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.01.006
Press, L. (2022, April 25). Is All Edema Lymphedema? Lympha Press® | Compression Pumps & Garments. https://www.lymphapress.com/thought-leadership/is-all-edema-lymphedema-blog/
Roberson, M. L., Strassle, P. D., Fasehun, L.-K. O., Erim, D. O., Deune, E. G., & Ogunleye, A. A. (2021). Financial Burden of Lymphedema Hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA Oncology, 7(4), 630–632. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.7891
Sibbald, R. G., Elliott, J. A., Coutts, P., & Persaud-Jaimangal, R. (2020). Evaluation of Longitudinal and Tubular Compression Treatment for Lower Limb Edema. Advances in Skin & Wound Care, 33(12), 643–649. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000720264.41419.38
Sleigh, B. C., & Manna, B. (2025). Lymphedema. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537239/
Soga, S., Onishi, F., Mikoshi, A., Okuda, S., Jinzaki, M., & Shinmoto, H. (2022). Lower limb lymphedema staging based on magnetic resonance lymphangiography. Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 10(2), 445-453.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.06.006
Son, A., O’Donnell, T. F., Izhakoff, J., Gaebler, J. A., Niecko, T., & Iafrati, M. A. (2019). Lymphedema-associated comorbidities and treatment gap. Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 7(5), 724–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.02.015
The Incidence of Lymphedema | Lymphatic Education & Research Network. (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2025, from https://lymphaticnetwork.org/living-with-lymphedema/the-incidence-of-lymphedema
Thomas, C., Le, J. T., & Benson, E. (2020). Managing Lymphedema in Fracture Care: Current Concepts and Treatment Principles. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 28(18), 737–741. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00722
Wickline, A., Cole, W., Melin, M., Ehmann, S., Aviles, F., & Bradt, J. (2023). Mitigating the Post-operative Swelling Tsunami in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Call to Action. Journal of Orthopaedic Experience & Innovation, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.60118/001c.77444
Yamamoto, T., & Yamamoto, N. (2022). Lymphedema. In S. K. Tiwary (Ed.), Approach to Lower Limb Oedema (pp. 295–310). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6206-5_20